Anne Stevenson Essays - Human Development, Childbirth, Free Essays

Anne Stevenson Essays - Human Development, Childbirth, Free Essays Anne Stevenson I thought you were my triumph/however you cut me like a blade (Stevenson 1-2) The initial lines of Anne Stevenson's sonnet The Victory set a pace of contention. This sonnet, at its surface, communicates a mother's contemplations on bringing forth a child. Stevenson depicts the blended sentiments numerous moms have upon the conveyance of their first conceived. The last discharge from pregnancy and birthing torments, combined with the energy of bringing a live animal into this world, from the outset appear to be a triumph to the new parent. The creator proceeds to invalidate the occasion as a triumph. Utilizing words, for example, opponent (5), wound (6), and scary(13), she shows the darker side of labor. The mother has felt her own life's blood streaming that an outsider may live The stains of your wonder seeped from my veins. (6-8). That she considers her to be kid as a stranger is obvious in lines nine and ten, where the kid is portrayed as a visually impaired thing (9) with clear bug eyes(10). The mother depicts her child as a bug, not even human. In the last segment of the sonnet, two inquiries are posed, bearing witness to the mother's interior clash. For what reason do I need to cherish you?/How have you won? (15-16). These unanswerable questions are a portion of the principal inquiries of our human presence. Beneath the highest layer of importance in The Victory, is an hidden topic that any parent or gatekeeper will effectively identify with. Kids are conceived out of the incredible torment their moms persevere. They are powerless in one sense, yet they order the consideration of their folks. Stevenson portrays the inherent vulnerability of newborn children with the words Blind(9) and Hungry(14). However, this sonnet doesn't allude to new conceived angels alone. Birthing torments don't stop with the conveyance of a youngster. The contention depicted in this sonnet is felt by guardians of grown-up youngsters too. All guardians give of their backbone, at any rate in the enthusiastic sense, in raising and keeping up their posterity. The Victory is a sonnet composed as though by a mother just barely conveyed of another conceived child, yet the topics communicated in its lines apply to all the phases of human life. Stevenson appears to pressure the agony that is felt at the point when one life delivers another, yet there are numerous agonies felt by guardians in manners unphysical. You spike the air. /You sting with bladed cries (11-12) these are sharp words that bring musings of substantial torment. These words likewise depict mental and passionate torment that is felt by numerous guardians who penance much for their youngsters. The sonnet doesn't put a blame on the infant nor, in this manner on youngsters in general. It appears to recognizes the disturbance of birth and life as characteristic. The youngster who is conceived today, gathers the penance of its guardians and will make penances for the youngster conceived tomorrow. Indeed despite the fact that The Victory is worded to sound angry, like the mother resents her youngster his freshly discovered life, it additionally has a surrendered tone. The mother acknowledges her part, anyway agonizing. Significantly more profound into this sonnet is the trace of woman's rights. The creator picked the sex of this infant deliberately. She utilized two references to a blade, showing torment dispensed in a way unnatural. The blade has traditionallybeen a man's weapon. Small foe (9) could allude to the whole male sexual orientation. Startling bunch of wants (13) is a reference to the sex demonstration, which is now and then observed as male animosity. The youngster is the sign of this demonstration. Hungry growl! Little child. (14) the utilization of a carnal commotion legitimately goes before the disclosure of the infant's sexual orientation. By and by Stevenson's selection of words helps one to remember male hostility. The lady in the sonnet appears to feel cheated in bearing a male kid to the man who is in a roundabout way liable for her condition. For what reason does she need to adore him? Does that summarize the situation of lady? Is it Eve's revile that lady will grasp man, however in this manner she must endure labor to deliver more men? (Or on the other hand little girls who will endure in like manner.) Is that how he has won? The Victory inquires

Using financial ratios to analyse companies Essay

Utilizing money related proportions to investigate organizations - Essay Example The gross overall revenue of Tesco has declined by nearly 4% as appeared in Table 2: Gross net revenue. The proportion shows that the expenses of merchandise of the organization have expanded and it is troublesome for the organization if a similar pattern is followed in light of the fact that it will additionally lessen the benefits of the organization. Subsequently the administration needs to ensure that gross benefit proportion is expanded. The net overall revenue of Tesco in the year 2012 is 4.36% anyway it was beforehand 4.42% in this manner it is demonstrating a decrease of 1.31%. Net revenue of the organization can be found in Table 3: net revenue. Decrease in the net benefit is troublesome for the Tesco as it is demonstrating that the expenses and costs of the organization have expanded from a year ago. By further breaking down the budget reports, it tends to be discovered that the all out income just as net benefit of Tesco has expanded as distinguished in Table 1: Key Elements from Financial Statement, however via cautiously investigating the net revenue proportion it tends to be seen that the expenses and costs have expanded at a higher rate than a year ago which has diminished the net revenue proportion. ROE of Tesco has decay by 1.6% as determined in Table 4: ROE and it is ominous for Tesco as the benefits of Tesco has been declining and accordingly it has likewise impacted the ROE of the organization also. The value just as benefits have expanded as shown in Table 1: Key Elements from Financial Statement yet the pace of increment in benefits is not exactly the expansion in value subsequently it has brought about declining the ROE. ROA of Tesco has indicated a decay by 2% as uncovered in Table 5: ROA and this is negative for the organization as the benefits have not expanded at a similar rate in contrast with the expansion in resources as distinguished in Table 1: Key Elements from Financial Statement. Subsequently it has brought about declining of the ROA proportion of the organization. Table 6: Operating Profit Margin uncovers that Operating benefit of Tesco has declined by

Flight 587 Crash Investigation

This paper looks at the calamity of American Airlines flight 587 on November 12, 2001 in New York City. In any event 265 individuals kicked the bucket in this catastrophe making its one of the serious calamities in current flight history. In the quick fallout of the mishap, there were incredible feelings of trepidation this could be another result of a fear based oppressor assault on the U. S soil. Official examinations, be that as it may, immediately precluded any fear monger contribution. Discoveries demonstrated that the feeble wake disturbance brought about by a plane that took off marginally before flight 587 started a terrible chain of occasions that brought about the catastrophe.The last report of the NTSB held the broken rudder control framework structure of Airbus A300-600, and the insufficient pilot preparing project of American Airlines to be primarily dependable. Likewise, the purportedly peculiar reaction conduct of the primary official at the controls of the plane is vi ewed as a basic factor. Be that as it may, numerous individuals, regular men and specialists the same, are not persuaded of the legitimacy of the NTSB examinations. Presentation On the morning of November 12, 2001, Tom Lynch, a resigned fireman, is on Rockaway Beach Boulevard taking his normal morning exercise march.He watches a plane total a banked turn and start towards the sea. At that point, out of nowhere, he sees a little blast in the fuselage behind the wing. Two additional seconds slip by and out of nowhere there is a subsequent blast, inundating the greater part of the plane on fire. It was the American Airlines Flight 587. Two months after 9/11 †this Airbus 300-600 remaining John F. Kennedy International Airport in transit to Santa Domingo, the Dominican Republic. Under three minutes after departure, the airplane slammed in a bursting inferno in the core of the area of Bell Harbor, Queens. Every one of the 251 travelers alongside 9 group individuals perished.Most asto undingly, just five individuals passed on the ground. 44 fire engines and 200 firemen were hurried to the scene. Before long, the fiasco of AA Flight 587 would be seen not as because of psychological oppression, yet to mechanical disappointment. Nonetheless, in the obvious post 9/11 condition of the day, it was hard for some individuals to accept that planes could at present tumble from the sky for reasons disconnected to psychological warfare. Sentiments and fears were particularly solid and these were exacerbated this new awful occasion. As the creator S. D. Keeping an eye on (2003) put it, â€Å"This crash jolted a city (and a country) despite everything scarred and numb from the distress it has as of now endured†The Investigation Tonight, American holds its aggregate breath, Prays this bad dream is because of mechanical disappointment, Not planned structure. The sheer incongruity would disgrace Kafka †It's not simply the fiasco but rather its motivation That disturbs us, subjugates us to out TV's; We ask that it’s something man-made, not man. †L. D. Brodsky. (2002). As the airplane moved from John F. Kennedy air terminal, a few people on the ground saw a blast and fire on the underneath side of the airplane, which was immediately trailed by parts tumbling off the airplane, including the vertical stabilizer and rudder.During the airplane's fall, motors left away from the wings. Falling independently, one motor arrived on Beach 129th Street the other motor on Beach 126th. The plane at that point plunged to the ground on the limited segment of land known as Rockaway, in Belle Harbor at Queens. The plane's tail down and out off and fell into Jamaica Bay, in excess of a mile from the essential accident site. Albeit a couple of stray remainders arrived to a great extent, the fuselage and wings beat into the home at the intersection of Beach 131st Street and Newport Avenue. The plane's effect, ensuing blasts, and fire pulverized other home s.The rudder and the tail blade were discovered first along the flight way, trailed by the motors and afterward the primary destruction. As indicated by the NTSB, the tail balance and rudder of the plane sheared off as it quickened. The airplane started a climbing turn over Jamaica Bay when it experienced choppiness brought about by the wake vortices produced by a Japan Airlines 747 that had taken off only brief forty-five seconds sooner. Records from the flight information recorder later recouped from the accident site indicated that the disturbance had cause developments of flight 587's rudder, some portion of which, together with the vertical tail blade, got segregated from the aircraft.Control of the airplane was lost and it tumbled from the sky. This was the second deadliest accident in US history, yet it likewise, â€Å"was the main model where we had an in-flight disappointment of a significant basic part of an airplane that in reality was made of composite materials,† as NTSB Chairwoman Marion Blakley would attest later. From the beginning, the examination concerning the loss of the American Airlines airplane was directed on the reason that it was a mishap. There appeared to be no prompt sign it was whatever else, with the exception of the various observer records of fire and blast not long before the airplane plummeted.Officials were quick to repeat that there was nothing to propose any treachery had been associated with the loss of the airplane. Coming so not long after the September eleventh shock, another fear monger attack in America would have been unsound and ethically harming. The President had proclaimed war on psychological oppression. Congress had been effectively engaged with growing new enactment to contain the risk that al-Qaeda presented to common avionics tasks. The chance of a psychological oppressor strike appeared to be somewhat implausible in the condition of strongly uplifted cautiousness that the air transportation industry was in during the consequence of 9/11.Even if there was treachery included, it could have been all the more a harm than the blast of a bomb. In spite of the fact that psychological warfare was suspected by everybody, it couldn't be validated. The fundamental trouble of partner the loss of AA587 with fear based oppression was the way of its demolition. In the event that the tail get together lay at the foundation of the issue, at that point damage when the airplane was on the ground seemed a more probable situation than a bag bomb or a self-destructive traveler exploding a gadget on board the plane. Mishap situations must be investigated first.Marion Blakley said in a meeting on CNN Newsnight upon the arrival of the accident: One of the things that we're focused on doing is to have a full examination from a framework stance, mechanical point of view, taking a gander at the historical backdrop of this flight, the group, the human factors that may have been included. Quickly following the loss of flight 587, a 40-in number NTSB Go Team under the Investigator-in-Charge Robert Benzon was sent to the site of the accident (NTSB News, 2001). Similar to the standard, their work was bolstered by different organizations and organizations considered suitable by the board.The NTSB utilized the American Airlines office at Tulsa for a definite assessment of the airplane motors. No proof was found of a fire, fledgling strike, or other pre-sway breakdown. The helper power unit (used to control the airplane when it is on the ground) was sent to Honeywell, its producer. Nothing incorrectly was found with the unit. The tail balance and rudder gatherings experienced visual investigation in New York before being sent to the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.Extensive starter tests at Langley looked to distinguish whether the vertical stabilizer and rudder had any harm or blames before the mishap. None were found. Despite the fact that the flight information recorde r demonstrated huge rudder development before the accident, there was nothing to show why this had occurred (NTSB News 2002). That the two motors isolated from the wings as the airplane tumbled from a similarly low stature suggested another conversation starter: Could the motors have been disrupted, on the off chance that not by a dangerous gadget, at that point by some different methods so far undetected by the NTSB investigators?â€Å"Investigators suspect a disastrous motor occasion as the conceivable reason for an aircraft crash Monday in New York,† went CNN. com’s feature on the very day of the mishap. Be that as it may, the essential focal point of the examination in the long run moved to the rudder framework. The NTSB group traveled to France to work with specialists from Airbus Industrie, the airplane's producer, at their central command in Toulouse. The motivation behind this visit was to learn at firsthand the instrument of the rudder framework and to recreat e the example of the streamlined burdens that may have influenced the vertical stabilizer during the disappointment of flight 587.If the examiners couldn't recognize a potential mechanical or auxiliary purpose behind the mishap, they would have been left thinking about the incomprehensible. Despite the fact that they might not have discovered any psychological militant inclusion in the loss of AA flight 587, in the nonattendance some other self evident purpose behind the accident, fear mongering would be back in center. Flight History Flight 587 was an Airbus A300-600, Registration Number N14053. It took off from JFK International Airport at 9:14:29 A. M. on November 12, 2001 in clear climate conditions. At 0915:44.7, the chief Edward States asked, â€Å"little wake disturbance, huh? † to which the primary Officer, Sten Molin, answered, at 0915:45. 6, â€Å"yeah. † At 9:15:51, when the plane was 2,000 feet and was over Jamaica Bay, the main official started a progressi on of crisis control inputs and required the crisis â€Å"escape† move. During the wake choppiness experience, the airplane’s pitch edge expanded from 9? to 11. 5? , diminished to around 10? , and expanded again to 11?. At 9:16:01. 9, F. O. Molin was heard on ATC expressing â€Å"losing control.†The plane smashed 13 seconds after the fact, it was airborne for under 106 seconds. At 0915:58. 5, the CVR (Cockpit Voice Recorder) recorded the sound of a boisterous blast. Around then, the plane was going at a velocity of around 251 bunches. â€Å"Hang onto it, Hang onto it,† were the final expressions of the Captain Edward States, as recorded on the CVR The Crew Background The capt

Grandparents and Parents Relationship - 275 Words

Difference between Grandparents and Parents Relationship (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:Difference between Grandparents and Parents RelationshipGrandparents are the parents to a childs mother or father. Their relationship with the grandchildren can be soar due to attitude. Children may have a bad attitude towards them since they are old and they may seem to be outdated. On the other hand, children might have a different attitude toward their parents who are up to date with everything.Parenting styles differences are one major reason for the difference in relationship. Given the fact that grandparents tend to spoil grandchildren in various ways, children may prefer relationships with them rather than their parents (Meadows 14). Parents may find it unnecessary to spoil their children. Grandparents could have a stronger relationship with grandchildren as they often have more free time of parenting than their parents do. They offer uninterrupted playtime and bond more with them. Parents are busy and have no playtime with the child ren and bonding may be difficult as a result of their schedules. Grandparents may make their relationship with grandchildren uneasy due to expectations. They may fear the unexpected from them unlike parents who have no issues with expectations since they live with them and know their behaviors and lifestyles. Awful reasons may require grandparents to raise their grandchildren. These children may be psychologically affected because of the experiences they experienced previously. Loss of parents may be one of them, and parenting a grieving child is difficult. If grandparents have unsettled issues with the childrens parents, their relationship with the children may be at risk. The grandparents may still harbor pain, and that affects their relations with the children. Parents, who have the same issues with their parents, may discourage relationships with...

The Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck - 1119 Words

Accomplished novelist, John Steinbeck, born in 1902, serves as a staple of American literature. He grew up in Salinas, California and graduated from Salinas High School in 1919. After attending Stanford University to study English Literature and failing to obtain a degree, Steinbeck moved to New York City and jumped between odd jobs and writing. With no luck in becoming published, he moved back to California, where he spent the rest of his life. As the author of novels, both fiction and nonfiction, along with collections of short stories, Steinbeck can definitely be recognized as a true classic author. His most noteworthy novel, The Grapes of Wrath, rightfully claims both the Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award. Another famous novel, Of Mice and Men, reveals Steinbeck’s serious tone of writing as well as a tragic story line in his work. As the winner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature, his novels are still read and appreciated all around the world today. Living and wri ting during the Great Depression, Steinbeck realized that oftentimes, people need to rely on others in times of need. This, however, can create relationships between people in which there is an unequal balance of power. He utilizes his experiences from the Great Depression to demonstrate these differing amounts of dominance. Power and the absence of power shape the relationships and steer the course of events in Of Mice and Men. The main characters in Of Mice and Men are George and Lennie; ironically,Show MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1563 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, depicts a migrant farming family in the 1930s. During this time, life revolved around the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, making circumstances difficult for almost everyone involved, especially those who had little. This time of drought and despair caused people to lose hope in everything they’ve ever known, even themselves, but those who did not, put their hope in the â€Å"promised land† of California. Here, the grass was thought to be truly greenerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. The ideas that many of these critics point to is Steinbeck’s depiction of the Big Banks/ Businesses as monsters, the comparison of Government camps to a utopia in contrast of the makeshift â€Å"Hoovervilles,† and the theme of the community before the individual, In his novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† John SteinbeckRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. H e utilizes accurate factual information, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath April 14th, 1939, John Steinbeck published the novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel became an immediate best seller, with selling over 428,900 copies. Steinbeck, who lived through both the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, sought to bring attention to how families of Oklahoma outdid these disasters. Steinbeck focuses on families of Oklahoma, including the Joads family, who reside on a farm. The Joad family is tested with hardship when life for them on their farm takesRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck702 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s use of the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath helps weave the reader’s sympathy of the Joad family into a more broad sympathy for the migrant farmers as a whole, in the hopes that the readers would then be compelled to act upon what they have read. During the Great Depression, people had a big disconnect about what was happening in various parts of the country. People often struggle to find sympathy for events when they can’t even visualize a person who is suffering throughRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1014 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first written and later published in the 1939. Fr om the time of its publication to date, the exemplary yet a simple book has seen Steinbeck win a number of highly coveted awards including Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and later on Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set at the time of the Great Depression, the book most remarkably gives a descriptive account of the Oklahoma based sharecropper Joad’ poor family in the light of economic hardship, homelessnessRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, originated from a John Steinbeck’s book, a legendary film that focus on a major point of American history. The story follows the Joad family on their journey to California trying to survive the hardships. This film, focus on the social problems of America like the Dust bowl, The Great Depression, and industrialism. The Grapes of Wrath was filmed in a journalistic-documentary style, which displayed the realism of the epidemic in the thirties. The thirties the period The Grapes

Australian Is Mandated To Withdraw Benefits-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Is Mandated To Withdraw Benefits? Answer: Introduction The government of Australian is mandated to withdraw any benefits to the members of a family should it be to the consent of the government that the family does not vaccinate its children against any infectious diseases that may be deemed harmful to the children. This is done to ensure the citizens of the country are protected against diseases. The aim of this report is to communicate to the families of the importance of vaccination and how it works. The immune system The human immune system is made up of numerous cells which depend on each other in ensuring a collective responsibility in protecting the body against infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or from the growth of any tumor cells. These cells are specialized and perform specific functions or roles in achieving the immunity of the human body. While some cells consume bacteria, others destroy parasites or tumor causing cells and still other kill the cells which are infected by any forms of viruses(Q. Ashton Acton 2013, p. 239). In order to effectively perform their roles, the cell relies on the T helper which activates signals in the form of either lymphokines or cytokines or even more categorically interleukins in secretion forms. The immune system is made of organs which interact with various types of cells which lead to a self-sustaining immune management. The organs of the immune system include; Thymus whose role is to release mature T cells. Prothymocytes which are premature T cells migrate into the thymus from the bone marrow and mature in the process of thymic education. During this process, T cells found to be of benefit to the immune system are retained while the autoimmune ones are eliminated Bone barrow which is the source of all the cells found in the immune system(Tenney 2014, p. 369). The cells are formed through the process of hematopoiesis in which there is differentiation of cells which are derived from the stem of the bone marrow into mature immune system cells. Among the cells produced by the immune system include natural killer cells, premature thymocytes, and granulocytes besides the red blood cells and platelets. Lymph Nodes which are the filter of the lymphatic fluid. They are mainly composed of T cells, dendritic cells B cells and macrophages. It is at the lymph nodes that antigens are filtered out together with lymph fluid before the fluid flows back into the system. Spleen is made up of B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, red blood cells, macrophages and T cells and serves an immunologic filter of the blood(Q. Ashton Acton 2013, p. 486). The dendritic cells and the macrophages are responsible for bringing antigens into the spleen through the bloodstream. Among the cells of the immune system include; Natural killer cells, abbreviated as NK cells and function to kill certain growths and tumors directly. Such tumors include lymphomas, melanomas and other cells infected by viruses. NK cells kill their target without a prior presence in the lymphoid organs. The effectiveness of the NK cells is increased upon stimulation by secretions from CD4+ T cells. T cells are divided into two phenotypically different groups; CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells mainly potentiate the responses of the immune system through the secretion of specialized factors responsible for the activation of white blood cells to fight infections. CD8+ T cells are vital in directing the killing of parasites, viral-infected cells, and tumor cells(Parham 2014, p. 187). Granulocytes are a collection of leukocytes and are made of three different types of cells basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils determined by their staining features with specific dyes. Granulocytes are important in the elimination of parasites and bacteria from the body by engulfing these antigens and destroying them by the use of the strong enzymes. Dendritic cells trace their origin from the bone marrow. Dendritic cells serve as cells that present antigens hence antigen presenting cells(Sompayrac 2011, p. 325). These cells are believed to be trapping antigens and bringing them to the lymphoid organs in which immune responses are initiated. Vaccination Vaccination is the process of administering an antigen in order to activate the immune system of an individual so as to develop an adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines usually ameliorate or prevent the attack of the body by infectious diseases and it serves as the most effective and abundantly used method in the prevention of infectious diseases(Bertolli 2014, p. 568). Vaccines serve to prepare the body in readiness to repel a disease without necessarily exposing the body to any disease symptoms. Some infectious diseases are too powerful for the immune system and are therefore able to kill an individual. This is where vaccines help by supplementing the immune system. There are various types of vaccines including; Live, attenuated vaccines which are composed of a live microbe that has been weakened so that it is not able to cause diseases. These vaccines are treated to be the closest to natural infection since they are alive(Sompayrac 2011, p. 896). The limitations of these vaccines include the required refrigeration to remain potent and that being living organisms they may mutate or change hence can turn to be a cause of infection. Subunit vaccines which are made up of just the antigen as a stimulant of the immune system. Subunit vaccines at times use epitopes and due to the absence of complex molecules of the microbes, these vaccines reduce the chances of any complicated reactions with the body. Conjugate vaccines are made by linking toxoids or antigens from a microbe to polysaccharides that can be recognized by the immune system of an infant(Tenney 2014, p. 569). Through this linkage, the immature immune system of the infant is made more defensive through the coatings of the polysaccharide. Toxoid vaccines are used when the main cause of illness is bacteria as they inactivate toxins from these bacteria by treating them using formalin. Vaccines are very effective and have produced immunity of between 90-100% among children. All vaccines are normally tested and approved before they can be used on human beings. This ensures that all vaccines that are licensed meet the medical required standards of safety and efficacy of use(Miller 2015, p. 254). It is for this reason that there is need to vaccinate children so as to help them build their immunity. As a result of their weak immunity, they are susceptible infections by various diseases which would otherwise be prevented by vaccination. Importance of Lifestyle Lifestyle refers to the style in which one has opted to live hence the approach and finesse that one gives his life. It is important to have a properly balanced lifestyle as it enables an individual to live in the present as well as enjoy the different components of his life. With a balanced lifestyle, it becomes very easy to maintain an overall balance of life. In order to establish a balanced lifestyle, one needs to know the different elements that compose his life and thereby strike a balance between those elements. Conclusion In this light, the government reserves the right to ensure all the children in a country undergo any type of immunization that has been proved by the healthcare sector to be necessary for the infants(Bertolli 2014, p. 410). The role of a government is to ensure the safety and well-being of its citizens and this it can achieve by ensuring the young and infant population of the country is adequately protected against infectious diseases. References Bertolli, JM 2014, A case-control study of the effectiveness of BCG vaccine for preventing clinical leprosy in Yangon, Myanmar, 3rd edn, UCLA, New York. Miller, NZ 2015, Vaccines: Are They Really Safe and Effective?, 7th edn, New Atlantean Press, management. Parham, P 2014, The Immune System, Fourth Edition, 3rd edn, Garland Science, New York. Ashton Acton, P 2013, Advances in Communicable Disease Control Research and Application: 2013 Edition, 5th edn, ScholarlyEditions, New York. Schindler, LW 2014, Understanding the Immune System, 5th edn, Understanding the Immune System, London. Sompayrac, LM 2011, How the Immune System Works, 4th edn, John Wiley Sons, New York. Tenney, L 2014, Lydia Woods Schindler, Woodland Publishing, London.

John Hale Vs. John Proctor Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

John Hale Vs. John Proctor Rev. John Hale vs. John Proctor The characters of John Hale and John Proctor in ?The Crucible? can be compared and contrasted according to their key traits, goals, and tendencies to change. These characters are probably the two most important characters in the play. They both are strong men mentally and are proud of what they accomplish. Reverend John Hale and John Proctor can be compared and contrasted according to their key traits. Reverend Hale is a man in his late forties. He is intelligent and very proud. He believes that he earned his titled as Reverend, the title was not only given to him. John Proctor is a man in his mid-thirties and like Reverend Hale he is proud of what he does. Proctor is also a man who is physically strong since he is always working on his farm. He is a person who does not like hypocrites or frauds. He is also stubborn and not easily led into things. People respect him and fear him as well. These two characters can also be compared according to their goals. Reverend Hale's goal is to save the citizens of Salem from being condemned to death and of being accused of witchcraft. If someone is accused, Reverend Hale wants to get that person freed and prevent them from an unnecessary death. John Proctor's goal is to first get his wife freed from jail after being accused of witchcraft. He also wants to get Valentin Benitez himself free and wants Hathorne and Danforth to see that there are no witches in Salem and that all the deaths that they have created are unreasonable and irrelevant. They can be further compared and contrasted by their tendencies to change. Reverend Hale usually is a straight faced, stubborn man who stands for what he believes in. At the end of the play he cries as John Proctor is taken off to be hanged before the whole village. John Proctor was also a stubborn man that did not deny what he believed, but at key times in the play he changed what he was saying and fighting for against the court. He first said he did not practice witchcraft and had never seen the Devil, but afterwards he said the opposite. He said that he was an evil person and that he did practice evil acts. In Act Two he also went from saying that he was a good man to finally confessing to being an adulterer and a lecher. The more appealing character was John Proctor because through his stubbornness and inflexibility he was a more interesting character. Proctor was a spontaneous character at times also when he changed his arguments into confessions. Bibliography n/a

What I learned from the Course Essays

What I learned from the Course Essays What I learned from the Course Essay What I learned from the Course Essay `Diversity Issues in the workplace` is a course that is essential for the study programs in the world today. With cross-continental and cultural barriers vanishing and distances shortening, it is important to know how to operate in a diverse environment. Of course, when the factor of diversity comes in to play in a work environment, it gives rise to its own issues and obstacles. In order to be able to work productively in a modern day organization, a person has to understand the element of diversity so that the issues can be avoided and dealt with in a professional and ethical manner.As I have taken this course, I now understand the different facets of the concept of diversity in a work place. First of all, what this course aims at developing is a sense of keenness towards dealing with situations in a humane and ethical manner, and at the same time, maintains professionalism. Different work places have different environments; the organization may have different attitudes towards diff erent sexes, ethnicities, sexual preferences, races or even age groups. Â  At the same time, people come from all sorts of demographics and cultural backgrounds. When these backgrounds and demographics mix, issues are bound to arise. This course has taught me how to deal with such situations.By first of all defining and clearing up the concept of diversity, the course makes it easy to understand that diversity is not just about races and color; it’s about differences and variations of people around us. Then, the course also highlights the advantages of diversity and how it helps diversify the environment, organization and idea generation. It removes all doubts, resistances or discriminatory thoughts that a person might have against the concept of diversity. Then, the course teaches us an important part of organizational behavior; identifying diversity. This is done through identifying and acknowledging different kinds of diversity factors such as cultural differences, differ ences in personal style and expression, privacy, intimacy and communication. Another aspect of the course that helped me understand the concept was the understanding of diversity barriers. These can come in various forms; stereotypes, discrimination and the wrong ways to deal with these issues. Understanding these barriers and the wrong approaches helped me understand about what not to do and how not to handle issues in a diverse workplace. It is important to consider every aspect of everyone’s feelings and cultural differences in order to not offend anyone around us and be objective and professional about everything we do.One of the most important aspects of a diverse workplace is communication. The course gives a clear understanding of the communication issues and barriers that arise in such an environment, how to overcome those barriers, bridge the communication gap and ensure a healthy relationship among the employees. The key to improving communication is to promote part icipation and take everyone’s input so that people around us, no matter how different, feel comfortable and significant in any team project or task. When this is done, a major diversity barrier is overcome and relationships strengthen.Managing diversity is also an important issue. It is important that the people’s core competencies are identified and people are judged and evaluated on the basis of skills and not any other factor. Workforce diversity comes into play in this representation aspect of a diverse organization. The concept of equal opportunity is important in such situations; the fact that all people living in a geographical area should have equal rights and equal and fair chances to all employment and work opportunities within and outside the organization. Affirmative action is mandatory.It is important to understand, not only the negative impact of diversity in a workplace, but also the positive impact; diversity promotes positive impact of diversity, incre ased creativity, multiple points of view and a multiple skills, wider range of experiences and backgrounds. There are several issues in a diverse workplace including dealing with different sexual orientations and sexual offenses and harassments. The key is to educate the employees and spread awareness about these issues and how people are different and have their own rights and choices. This helps implement a cooperative environment. Also, it gives the people a complete overview on identifying, reporting and dealing with discrimination and offenses.Employee retention through diversity is another important aspect of an organization. It is important to understand the people’s concerns and issues that are linked with organizations and to understand the factors that affect employee turnover. By better understanding these concerns, the organization would be able to reduce turnover rate and ensure that a healthy workplace exists and employee retention is high.Education on governmen t legislations about diversity is also important; it is important to understand federal laws and regulations regarding diversity, affirmative action and discrimination. Lastly, the course sheds light on developing and implementing a healthy and diverse corporate culture and creates an environment that employees from all cultural backgrounds can enjoy working in and be comfortable interacting within so that they can learn and grow personally and collectively. Â  (Class Syllabus: Diversity Training 101, 2009)

International Business - SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Business - SWOT Analysis - Essay Example Similarly ICC Championship Cricket Tournament is slated to be held in October in India, which could provide Rebel Sports an opportunity to enter the vast Indian market. Asian games are to be held in Doha (Qatar), again an opportunity for Rebel Sports to become 'known' to international customers. Such trial launches have a big advantage, they provide an easy escape route in case the company feels that the market is too hot to handle. Launches coinciding with sporting events give an extra inch of publicity. The company has to do a realistic feedback analysis regarding the acceptance of its brand and the reactions of competitors. Accordingly the company is to plan its future strategy. It can even keep the doors of alliances open with other companies after such trial launches. Plan Publicity Campaigns: This is a media age. Media campaigns are almost a necessity now. Moreover in these types of sporting figure having an image of demigods, things become little easier (though little costly) for companies like Rebel Sports. Also for example, Indian Films are very much popular not only within India but in the subcontinent as well. The sheer numbers of Indian migrant community in almost every country in the subcontinent makes Film stars too an obvious choice to launch such campaigns. Recruitment: On whatever scale the company wishes to launch its campaigns in any country/ region it needs to have some minimum workforce. The strategists can be from Australia but the ground level workers have to be from the target country. For this the company can get in touch with some HR consultants, providing staff on contract basis, to avoid any long-term obligations. Reaching Out to the Customers: Having done all the spadework the company is now ready to approach the customer. An international brand has to be seen in the market place in a manner befitting its reputation. Therefore local level tie-ups with some show rooms, shopping malls help in a big way. The showrooms/ Shopping malls are to be extended some lucrative offers for them to display Rebel Sports products prominently and to recommend these products to the customers (if the company has already launched a media campaign things become much easier). Gathering Feedback: Now is the time to take stock of its operations in the newer market. Simple business proposition states, the company has to be ready for some losses initially, that's exactly what Rebel Sports is supposed to do. And then study the business proposition over a period of time. A couple of months is enough for the company to plan its future. Conclusion: New avenues for business are explored when environment demands increase in pace of activity. Strategists feel more satisfied and comfortable with the prospects of growth from expansion. Rebel Sports has an experience of more than 20 years in this field so it can very well plan a strategy for opening stores in other countries as well. Today, rules of business success have changed.

The Devil Wears Prada Media Analysis Movie Review

The Devil Wears Prada Media Analysis - Movie Review Example Andrea knows nothing about fashion and people at the magazine makes fun of her. Throughout the film, her sense of style changes and she becomes a true fashionista. But as everything comes with a price, her relationships with friends and boyfriend starts falling apart. At the end of the movie, Andy understands that life is made of hard choices and she needs to go after what she wants. This movie represents the fashion industry as a world full of narcissistic and shallow people. An example is the way that everyone at Runway Magazine starts treating Andy differently when she decides to dress â€Å"accordingly†. She became respected by Emily, the first Assistant, and only after the makeover that she started to get thinks right that Miranda asked her. The fact is that the movie emphasizes the change of her behavior on the fact that she gave in into the fashion world, but the truth is that she changed her perspective and decided to have a positive attitude towards the things she needed to do. To create this high fashion atmosphere, the use of costuming is indispensable. As Stutesman would argue, â€Å"[costume] must express something far beyond the outfit: the costume designer must use clothes to create basic movie elements† (Stutesman 20). If the right clothes were not used, then the movie would not make as much sense, or it would not make the same impact as it did when it first came out.

Celebrities from magazines Essay Example for Free

Celebrities from magazines Essay I have chosen to study and research this statement as I believe that the media puts pressure on young girls to conform to to the idealistic images constantly portrayed in the media. Slimming articles along with related television programmed has increased. The number of young girls within this age span that develop eating disorders has increased in the last thirty five years. I feel that the media and its ideal of super slim models and celebrities that dominate the media affect me. I intend to tackle the issue head on and first of all ask the question what is the relationship between the media and eating disorders. Vaughnhan and Fous conducted a study looking at the amount of time that girls were exposed to media and the development of eating disorders. They used 374 girls ranging from 12-14. They were surveyed twice at different times, each being one year apart. The girls were given the same survey both times which contained questions regarding the amount of time they were exposed to fashion magazines and TV. They also included questions that would reveal symptoms of have eating disorders. After obtaining the results from these surveys they were able to com up with some possible conclusions. The results showed that the girls who had increased their exposure to fashion magazines from the first survey to the second had also increased signs of eating disorder symptoms, and visor versa. The evidence from this study suggest that there is a definite link between developing eating disorders and the media. Results also imply that girls become influenced by the media and can develop a complex about their bodies from a young age. From this we can see that media has a direct effect on young girls which could lead to eating disorders. Girls/women predominantly strive to be perceived as attractive to the opposite sex. I want to see if within the last fifty years the ideal body image has changed. Is the ideal woman sown as slim, attractive young etc.? Garner, looked into this when he assed the height , weight and body measurements of Playboy centrefolds and miss America pageants from 1960 to 1979. He found that the percentage of the average weight of the models had decreased. In 1960 the average weight of playboy models were 91% of the average mean, but by 1978 the mean weight of the models had dropped to 84%. It would be interesting to see id this trend continued, from my own observations of women used in the media today, when the normal size for a model is a size 6, I would believe that they had, from looking at various popular fashion magazines. This would suggest that the statement thin is in used in these magazines is true. Both studies suggest that the concept I lay out, that womens ideal shape that they strive to be is directly influenced by the material they read, is very much true.

Persuasion Paper :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Matt B  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2/14/05   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PY129  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Persuasion Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hello, woman who sits in the front of the class. I may not have your name, but I do have some unfortunate news for you. You should never go out with me. We all know it would have happened. Everybody knows what’s on a woman’s mind, and how could I not notice things like the way you stare at me in class, it’s just so distracting. I’m just trying to stop this very attractive problem before it’s too late. This paper will save you from years of therapy and gallons of Ben and Jerry’s cookie dough. Don’t feel bad, it’s not you, well actually it is; but you can still choose from the other 10 guys in our class who mysteriously all sit in a circle around you! I just don’t think things would work out between us. I believe that I have a pretty good idea of what kind of a person you are from being in your logic class and never talking to you once. Our close and personal relationship gives me insight to who you are, and why we aren’t right for each other. First, your too predictable and boring for me, second, your not willing to change, and third, I don’t think you could satisfy me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Variety is the spice of life! Mix things up a bit. You sit in the same seat every day, who does this? Don’t you ever wonder what it feels like to sit someplace else? I wouldn’t be able to stand that kind of compliancy. Another testament to your predictability, is the fact that you never have a story to tell about how your weekend was. This means either one of two things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1) You do nothing on weekends. Your idea of fun is watching the Lifetime channel. You go to Six Flags and enjoy such rides as ‘Teacups,’ ‘Ferris wheel,’ and ‘Dirty bench by the hotdog stand.’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2) Just the opposite. Maybe you frequent S&M clubs or rob orphans on the weekends. Whatever it is, it probably makes the baby Jesus cry. You disgust me. So start enjoying the finer, more fun things in life. Until then, though, I just don’t think your ready for my kind of excitement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You most likely do a variety of things, or have some qualities that are unattractive to me, and you are also unwilling to change them. I know this because of our many interactions together, where you have revealed to me your deepest secrets and habits.

Mercury Footwear Questions

Among the first companies to offer fashionable walking, hulking and boating footwear. Its mother company decided to extend the brand by creating complementary line of apparel. Because of the poor performance, it was decided to sold. Style Logo is marked with prosperous, active and fashion-conscious lifestyle. Its main customers are not interest in its apparel. Financial performance Among the most profitable firms. Had poor performance after acquisition by WAC. Revenue contribution 42% of revenue from athletic shoes and balance from casual footwear.Revenue and operating Income were 470. Million and 60. 4 million In 2006. Revenue and EBITDA were 431. 1 million and 518 million.. Products Athletic shoes developed from high-performance footwear to athletic fashion wear. Four main segments: men's and women's athletic and casual footwear. In order to emphasizing individual products, it began to monitor styles and images from global culture Focus on smaller portfolio of classic products with longer lifestyles and could maintain simple production and supply chains.Sales channels Mainly sold in department stores, specialty retailers, wholesalers and independent distributors. Small percentage is sold through website. Department stores, specialty stores, catalogs, discount retailers and internet. Inventory management Good at inventory management in the industry. Inventory management performance is worse than the average level. Outsource Outsource manufacture in China. Outsource main materials in foreign suppliers. Advantages &Disadvantages It takes small size as its competitive disadvantages.And it faced with some problems in the consolidation of manufacturers. Price cuts and promotion in apparel line hurts operating margins but helped to the growth in sales. Sales growth is lower than the average because of there is little discount in price. We could learn that managers of GAG want to enlarge the scale of its company and gain larger market share because of the stable prof it margin. And since the revenue is almost the same, it is a good choice to merge with Mercury, which means that revenue would be doubled after acquisition.And these two companies have some similar factors, such as : (1) They could use the same sale channels after acquisition, and internet channel could be enlarged. (2) They could combine manufacturers to get a powerful bargain in suppliers. 3) The product segments are almost the same, which means that there should be little work to do after acquisition in product adjustment. (4) Thanks to the profitable ability of GAG, it is much easier to make a better financial performance of Mercury. (5) It is good for them to increase the performance of inventory management if they merge together. 6) Although their target customers are different, especially in ages, which means that style and brand are different in the very beginning, this factor could turn into an advantage for the new company could have a fully segment of customers with wider age ranges. Therefore, take into above factors into account; we think that Mercury should be an appropriate target for GAG. 2. Review the projections formulated by Little. Are they appropriate? How would In the case, we could find that Little used historical averages to assume the overhead-to-revenue ratio.However, historical data is usually useless for future. Some studies found there is little evidence that firms grew fast continued to grow fast in the next period. And sometimes there are even negative correlations between growth rates in the two periods. Besides, smaller firms tend to be more volatile than others, which we could find the same characteristics in these two firms we are talking about. And Just as we mentioned in the question 1, revenue may be doubled after acquisition, it Just fits the theory that it is difficult to maintain historical growth rates as firms double or triple in size.Therefore, based on the above analysis, we think that it is not reasonable to use hi storical data for future projections. And sometimes, analyst should be better than the historical growth. Considering that there are five main channels for analyst forecasts: firm-specific information, macroeconomic information, information revealed by competitors on future prospects, private information about the firm and public information other than earnings, we think Little could find more information from above channels to get more accurate assumption.And since performance of Mercury is poorer than the average of the industry, it is better to use industry average level for the benchmarking of Mercury when predicting, instead of a discount rate of GAG for example. And from the comparison of 2007 to 2006, we can find Ileitis's forecast need great input from GAG to support the development of Mercury, whether he has taken this into consideration? And he estimate debt/equity ratio remains the same as GAG, that is also unreasonable, for it is not possible to change that in short peri od.

The Risk Management In Banks Sectors Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6603 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Risk is a factor that affects the financial characteristics of a banking system. Risk management has been seen and being emerged as an issues in the banking sectors as well as the financial and non financial institutions which focuses on the risk related losses in various entities and the important of risk within all firms. Risk management is increasing in the main area of business competence in the banking sectors and financial intuitions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Risk Management In Banks Sectors Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In other for risk management to be adopted and implemented, it is necessary to consider and develop some set of principle in risk management. The theory and practice of risk management should ensure the senior and board management participation in the development of risk management strategy, risk management organization and infrastructure should be establish, policies and procedure should be implemented in other to manage these risk, though the process is difficult and complex to develop any tools of risk management because of some cases in the institution such as the absence of required skilled staff, investment required and absence of risk culture in many organizations. The aim of the study was to investigate the theory and practice of risk management in the banking industries and other sector across the world and propose recommendations to enhance the mission of risk management in the banking sectors in other to assist financial institution and the banking sectors on the theory and practice of risk management. CHAPTER ONE INTODUCTION Risk management is defined by the ISO 31000 (2011), as the result of uncertainty on objective if negative or positive, it is also a method used to analyze, identify and resolve any risk in an organization to be monitored. Risk management involves acting and making on conclusion which requires condition of uncertainty. In 2004, (the new standard of Zealand) stated that risk management can be seen as processes and structures that are linked towards a cultural possibility of an opportunity. According to Oxford Dictionary a risk can be defined as a situation involving exposure to danger or possibility of harm or damage against which something is insured the central banks of Kenya 2005 stated that risk can be grouped into four steps which include the operational risk, compliant risk, reputational risk, operational risk. Operational risk is refers to a transaction risk that is arising from fraud, error or inability to deliver good services and products, to maintain balanced posi tion and to manage information. Strategic risk is the rising from making appropriate business decision and implementation. Compliance risk is the risk from violations with laws and rules and regulation while reputational risk is the risk to earnings or capital arising from negative public opinion. All financial institution especially banking sector should be aware of risk management because of the fast demands in good efficiency and effectiveness, accountability and corporate governance. (Busby and Alcock, 2008) In the financial institutions (banking sectors) the importance of risk management has become inevitable due to the factors that make up the activities in the banking system, in other to secure customers money. (Ioannis 2008) According to the banking activities they have different financial issues they deal with regarding the risk impacted on banking services. The banking industries all over the world render different forms of activities or business other than dep osit and withdrawals, cash and cheques. They also provide loans, overdraft, deposits and withdrawals, processing payments, assets financing, mortgages, clearing advisory services, safekeeping services, foreign exchange and custodial services. (Mayo 2009) As suggested by (Gorrod 2004), most banks are liable to certain risk such as poor services delivery and failure, fraud. These are as a result of low information and bad management systems practices. From the look of things, many customers are not happy with the risk issues in financial institution especially the banking industries including the direct quality of services rendered. According to (Njuguna, 2007) he suggested that all banking industries should set up a risk management units which will be capable for the task of risk reduction 1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT At a broad level, this dissertation aims to investigate the theories and practice of risk management in the banking sector in geographic regions throughout the world looking into different banks that have failed and comparing three banks to access the different types of risk they are exposed to and how are they managing it. 1.2 THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THE REPROT The objectives of this report are stated below: To assess the types of risk the banking sectors and other financial institutions are exposed to To predict the collapse of the inter-banking leading in the institution To analyse the theory and practice of risk management in the institution To identify the practical issues in choosing and applying risk management in the financial intuitions and banking sectors To identify the process of risk management in the banking sectors 1.3 SCOPE OF THE REPORT The study of risk management theory and practice in banking sectors has been an important issue in the whole world, different authors and publication has written more lots on the financial crisis of the mismanagement of risk in business environment especially the banking industries. The financial crisis affects everyone in the world and every business around. This report will focus on the practice of risk management in the banking industries and how it affect the businesses, the study also looks at the process of implementing risk management and the success in the organization. 1.4 LIMITATION OF THE REPORT This report has faced some limitations which will be explained below: The study and the research work were based on the previous authors in relative to the topic on theory and practice of risk management in banking sectors. The materials available are insufficient because there was no new information on the topic. The materials used and accessed were majorly on journals, publication and articles, internet publication and textbooks. There was no limited time to read all materials gathered together for the research study, lots of information from different authors, journals and textbooks. In the process of this report writing, there were no tutors or supervisor who could review the progress on the study or give any guardians and advises on the research topic. The methodological aspect of this report was based on secondary data to analyse the report. 1.5 RESEARCH DESIGN The study will be using a secondary data collection of a research to design the study in a qualitative way to ensure persuasive arguments in following the research topic. 1.6 CONTENT AND STRUCTURE There are 4 chapters to cover the main issues on the topic research and can be summarised as followed: Chapter 1: It will provide an introduction to the research by summarizing the key points of the report, also addressing the main aims and specific objectives and research design of the topic. Chapter 2: will start by discussing the history of risk management in the banking industries by tackling what different authors has done on the topic before if it works or not. Also analysis of this research report will be carried out with different forms; this is also the main body of the report by analyzing the secondary data collated from journals, internet, textbooks, newspaper etc. There will be a discussion of what has been analysed with the summarization of information gathered together to discuss on what problems of risk they are exposed too in banks and financial institutions. Chapter 3: this is the conclusion part where all the information on previous section will be summar ised in few pages in a clearly way to provide good response on the topic project. Chapter 4: Recommendation will be provided in this section to the management and workers on how to avoid risk in financial institution especially banking sectors. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A brief history of risk management This chapter will show the historical development of risk management by given us an overview on how risk management has been shaped to financial industries and banking sectors. In the 21st century, risk management has been seen and viewed by different authors as an important issue in the financial sectors. (Steinherr 2008) The concept of risk management has been around for a longer period of time and its related to the financial aspects such as foreign exchange movements, liquidity, credit risk, interest rate and financial derivatives. Apart from the types of risks mentioned above, risk is now in collaboration with the operational risk management which is a computer meltdown and a terrorist attack in the working environment among the financial institution. The operational risk is very important in the operation of risk management in the banking sector, but due to the low information across, many financial intuitions are not aware of the operational risk attack. The bankers ha ve often related risk management to the financial performance of customers and banks sectors themselves. But recently over some years now, the financial intuition now have knowledge on what the operational risk is all about in the banking industries. (Diana Thompson report 2011) The term risk management has been heard over the part decays (twenty years ago) referring to insurance management which covers some responsibilities that the management as ever done. According to (Nick N. 2011), the most important part of risk management is the transferring of risk. A bank or financial institutions can protect itself from the potential risks of its assets portfolio by buying some credit default swaps (CDS). The CDS are popularly known as one of the derivative, by transferring an exposure to fixed income assets such as (mortgages, loans and bonds) from the buyer to the seller. Credit default swaps also helps creditors and to pay out if the borrowers is default and with less insurance polic y on it. In some years back, risk management product such as (credit derivatives) have involved into different instrument used by financial intuitions to make some market movement and bets irresponsible. All these comes to the fact that lack of good equipment, rules and regulations, lack of good knowledge on techniques has led to the reduction in credit derivatives and market product degenerate. From the setting of the world go, financial derivatives is one of the real types of risk management that has increased in the banking regulations. In the ancient world to the twentieth century, financial derivatives are instrument developed from an asset such as the future, swap and option. Looking at different histories on risk management theory and practices, the most common aspect that affects risk in the financial institutions and banking sectors is the credit risk. Credit risk is one of the oldest forms of risk in the financial market (john b 2011). From the web definition of cred it and credit risk, credit can be defined as what a person use in buying services or products and try to pay at a later date. (CIBC.com), while credit risk is defined as a way where the borrower failed to repay the loans under the terms of an original loan agreement. Credit risk is an old lending phase, which has being seen around in the 1800B.C. credit risk is an important aspect of risk to manage till date. In most cases, credit risk is reflected in a composition of an economic capital which requires all the banking sectors to have a good protection on different types of risk. Illustrating to an estimate, credit risk caused about 70% in the financial institution while market risk, operational risk and market price have the remaining 30% risk in the banking sectors. From the world over, the most critical aspect the banking sectors have ever faced is credit risk. Looking through a journal on failures of banking system in England, there was a study of over 62 banks that has failed due to the fact that the loans were not being repay in time from the year 1984 to 1992 and recently 5 banks were affected too in the year 2002-2006. Different researchers and practitioners in risk management have tried to improve on new techniques and technologies, but nothing could be done due to the rules and regulation of the banks in the society that could not permit them to work further on the research. There are types of credit risk management which include the curative measures and preventive measures. Curative measure includes the task sharing, legal enforcement, and derivatives trading, while preventive measures include risk measurement, risk pricing and risk assessment. Lastly on the history of risk management, about four years ago, (2007) during summer, there was a large financial crises which shows that the risk management has failed in all financial institution and banking sectors including individual in all aspects. The daily financial time news reported that al l institutions either financial intuitions, banking sectors, retail sectors etc has experienced loss of money and wealth because of the mismanagement of risks all over the world. 2.1 understanding the nature of risk and the involvement within the banks and financial intuitions All organization in the world deals with risk, but each organizations experience different types of risk. Looking into the banking and financial sectors, they both deal with cash (money). They help in different kind of ways such as the corporate savings, household mobilization and availability of deficit units, they also deals with the creation of credit by means of giving loans in advances, facing lots of risks because of the businesses and services rendered by the financial banking institutions . There are roles performed by banks, and financial institutions which involve the following activities in resulting to the different types of risks: Mobilization of funds: involves the acceptance of deposit from customer, also by making sure that customers have balances in their individual accounts. Funds transfer: the financial institution and the banks are the main sectors that carry customers funds into their safes. The main aspect of banking is to help as an agent in supporting various locations liquidity geographically; banks also help different organization in allowing them to pay their staffs through the corporate to individual staffs accounts, they also involve and assist in the payment systems in other to ensure to ensure the money is turn around rapidly. Funds deployment: there are different funds that have been mobilized which must be subjected to the regulatory requirement in the bank; the funds deposited by the government must undergo an investment in different directions while the remaining funds will be given out for loans or retail borrowers in the corporate sectors. Risk transfer: the banks are exposed to certain numbers of risk, which are central equal to the businesses performed such as the business model, channels distributions and activities performed etc. The financial institution and banks must handled this risk processes themselves for more customers satisfaction because this is the part of their existence. Service transaction: banks help their client in taking full responsibilities on different trade transaction carried out in both the international and domestic aspect. The international transaction deals with the multiple currencies. Credit service enhancement: this deals with the evaluation and enhancement of customers credit, through the goods and product supplied by the supplier. From the above roles performed by the banking sectors and financial institutions, these shows that many of this organization face risk in each department and not only in the financial intuitions and banks alone, its everywhere. Mismanaging risk affect the potential of banks and financial institutions earnings, most of the firms generally in the financial performance are affected by the price changes. These include the exchange rates commodities, equities and interest rates. 2.1.1 Sources of risk There are different varieties on source of risk which affect the assets value of any corporation, from the above definition of risk; it can be seen as the possibility that the actual outcome could be different from the expected outcome (Dun et al 2006). The outcome possibility is controlled by some specific information, and this information can be derived from up to date information that is available around an organization or sectors. In other to understand the sources of risks, there will be explanations on the expose of an economy entity in the banks and the financial institutions along with various risks involved. Policies on the economic government budgets: there are lots of changes in the policy money supplied by the corporation or government, also the level of interest rates and inflation in the capital formation that takes place in the economy of the banking and financial institution, these really affect the money in the baking business of the day in and out of the countr y which have impact on the value of money and value of debt devices. Preferences on customers consumption and savings: this is the process of the international trade with some certain patterns, this also include the process of more surplus in the economics and less process in others. The impact of social, racial and political availability on demands result for specific product on the disturbance of different goods in the market The technological factor: this is a process of bringing in new product and allowing old product to remain excess in the process, also making every opportunity with the corporations manufacturing to market it as possible to people at lower prices. The financial performance on the corporation: this shows the different advantage in the environment with the competitor in the markets places as well as the organizations. In addition to the explanation above, the research study also view that the sources of risk comes from each organisation which means t hat each individual has lot to perform in other to be able to manage risk in different department in an organization which include the nature of human, and the situation around the environments. The diagram below showing the sources of risk explained above. Price Technology Sources Market share Productivity Competition Source: sources of risk by Dun and Bradstreet, 2006 2.2 The increase of risk management practices in the banking sectors and other financial sectors Bank can be defined as an establishment in which money can be kept for savings or commercial purposes is invested for the supplied of loans and exchange. Bank can also be defined, as an office or building where in which an establishment is located. (freedictionary.com, 2011), but banking in general terms can defined as the business activity of accepting and safeguarding money owned by other individuals and entities, then lending out this money in other to earn a profit. (Investor words.com) In other to understand how banking sectors operate, it is necessary to pull out some knowledge on the role of financial intermediaries in our environment and the situation of the country (Economy). The main part of the financial intermediaries and financial market is to allow some instrument in which funds can be directly transferred into the productive opportunities. The banking sector is a form of financial intermediaries which main activity is to give loans to borrowers and to accept depos it from customers. The intermediaries functions include savers/depositÂÂ ­, financial intermediaries and borrowers. The main functions of the bank is to receive money from depositors and borrow customer as a loan in other to profit on it, in the process of given out this loans, its result as a major source of high risk and illiquid. There are gaps performed by the bankers between the needs of lenders and borrowers by some transformation functions which are the size transformation, maturity transformation and risk transformation. The size transformation is when savers and borrowers are willing to give an average of money to lenders than the actual amount required. For example: the different between the money in a savings account and the money to buy a house shows that the bank can increase the money in the saving account in a larger size of forms. The maturity transformation is where the banker will increase the period of short time to a longer term loans, for examples: conve rting the money that can be withdrawn on demand into years of residential mortgages, or borrowing out money for a short period and lending it out for long term process which can cause liquidity risk problem meaning not having enough money to meet customers liabilities. While risk transformation is when an individual borrow money from the bank at a particular time and not being able to repay the loan at the agreed date or time, which cause the problem credit risk. Recently the financial sectors including banking sectors do not have the potential in operating in a safe environment or country, and this have to remind them that they need to upgrade or improve their capability to know their current economic situation around and other circumstances on the business activities. Risk management is a process adopted by an organization to minimize the potential threats that the institutions may be exposed to, such areas include the political and environmental risk, economic risk and other f actors that are unexpected. The banking system has lots of businesses across each section in the banking department, risk practice and the equipment has a pole in the lines of the banking businesses such as the investment banking and trading, retail banking, etc. There are different sectors operating in the banking industries which will allow the mismanagement of risk by generating the financial risks which differs from the businesses performed in the banks. The management practice are quite different from the line of business that are also performed in the bank, this line of business shows that retail banking is a mass oriented and individuals tends to operate because of the large transaction of lending to customers, but from the management report there are more risk to it in the banking system. Below is the diagram showing how businesses is run in the banking sectors Business pole Business lines Commercial banking Retail financial services, large corporate, corporate middle market Lending and collecting deposits, individuals and small business Investment banking Advisory service, acquisition mergers, LBO, banks and financial firms Identification of borrowers, relationship banking Trading Derivatives, equity, fixed income Structured finance Private income Assets management Traded instrument Others Custody Source: (world investor.com 2011) Investment banking is a large transaction to the needs of the big financial institution and corporation which focuses on the standard practice such as the export and commodities financing activities. 2.3 The theory of risk management in the banking sectors In some recent years back, the banking risk has become more important in the sectors. Most of the bank risk has received many of the methodological and theoretical aspect in the field of banking businesses. Risk management is needed in all firms such as the financial and non financial firms, governmental agencies who need various forms of managing risk. From an author, (Dan G 2009), mentioned that in years to come all banking institutions must need to obey the new rules and regulatory requirement for risk capital and measurement. Risk management is a process where banking managers meet up the needs of consistent, operational risk measure, identifying key risks, choosing the risk that can be reduced and increased, and obtaining consistent and producing source of monitoring the result risk position. As mentioned above, that risk can be defined as the reductions in firms value due to changes in the business environment (Dan G 2009). The major aspects of the key risk theory are inde ntified below which include: Credit risk: This is the change in the net asset value due to the changes of the actual ability of counter parties in other to meet their obligation. Operational risk: this risk result from a cost incurred mistakenly by carrying out transactions such as failures to meet regulatory requirements, untimely collections and settlement failures. Market risk: is the change in net asset value due to the changes in underlying economic factors such as interest rates, exchange rates, and equity and commodity prices. Performance risk: failure from the employee to monitor the appropriate methods properly such as the modelling risk. Measuring market risk This shows the difference of the internal and external views of how to measure market risk. Internally, the bank managers need a follow up on how to measure the effective and active of the banks risk position. The regulator for the banking sector should make sure that the banks potential for net worth loss is accurately increases and its sufficient for the loss in other to survive. Timeliness and scope From the point of view, both the regulator and managers want an up to date measures on risk in the banking trade, this will include measuring the risk and a daily performance on the measurement of total risk in the bank. Measuring this risk involves the standard deviation which follows the theory of portfolio selection (Markowitz, 2005). Risk measurement is a part of risk management that is efficient in the banking sectors. It is costly and also consumes time, due to these factors the regulators and bank managers also have problem with the cost of accurate risk measurement which is the reason they choose to monitor and stress test bank risk measurement rather than taking their own risk measurement. 2.4 The process of risk management in the banking and financial institutions Risk management is a process whereby the financial risk strategies help an organization to manage risks; this process includes some parts of the organization such as sales, legal, marketing, commodity, corporate finance, treasury and tax. The risk management also involves the external and internal processes. The external and internal factor of risk management is a process where any institutions address the types of risks affecting their performance on target within every businesses or product across the portfolio of all activities. (The Institute of Risk Management, 2011) The main focus on risk management is the identification and treatment of these risks, some of the objectives of risk management in the financial institution before its failed was to increase the profitability of success and reduce both the profitability of failure and achieving the institution overall aims and objectives. Risk management should be a growing and a well developed process across the institution al sectors for the implementation of all organization future past and present. Risk management should help in the culture of the organization with an effective policy and programmes led by the management. There are factors contributing to the fall down of risk management which can be categorized into 4; the strategy risk, financial risk, hazard risk and operational risk The external factors include the following table below: Financial risk Strategic risk Interest rates Competition, customer changes Foreign exchange Industry changes Credit Customer demands and integration Liquidity and cash flow Research and development, intellectual capital Source: The Institute of Risk Management, 2011 From the above table, the internal factors of risk management process really have some aspect on what the banking and financial intuitions are facing on the issues of how risk management can be managed. External factor can be defined from the web dictionary as the factors that is essential existing on something that is connected with the outside part, this is true because looking at the process of banking and financial sectors, there are lots of external factors that affect the organization such as the financial risk that comprises of the competitors, customer changes, staff changes, rules and regulation changes etc. From the look of things this has to be recognized among all workers in the banking sectors so as to avoid risk in the environmental working condition. The management of risk should be operated by good skilled staffs that know more about risk management. The internal factors of risk management also include the table below: Accounting controls and information system Public access Recruitments Employees Supply chains Properties Regulation Product and services Culture Contract Board composition Natural events Operational risk Supplier, environment and hazard risks Source: The Institute of Risk Management, 2011 From the above table, the internal factors of risk management have been summarized above on how risk management can be assessed internally. The main focuses on the internal factors of risk management are the main aspect of recruitment of new skilled staff on how to manage risk management tools in the banking area of businesses, the culture aspect of the community must be assessed on how the people and customer communicate, and how do they run the community, the product and services render in the bank must fit the customers taste, and informations should be circulated among the board of directors to the employees with proper training methods on how to im prove in the management of risk in their different department. 2.4.1 Risk management process also include the organizations strategic objectives in the banking sector The objectives of risk management process include the following processes: Risk assessment Risk analysis risk identification risk description and risk evaluation (risk reporting, threat and opportunities) (decision) (risk treatment, residual risk reporting and monitoring) formal audit and modification The process of risk management lies on the heart of how organization can manage risk and how it has been successful through the process of these objectives above in the banking sectors. The growth of risk management has been increasing in every affairs of an organization especially over the last 10 years and many banking sectors has developed the new tools and mechanisms on managing risk. (Michael et.all 2006), the author also explains further that risk management process is now a creative tool in the banking sectors especially among the financial market. The author agues on the increase of new tools and mechanisms in the banking sectors but from prolong research on this stud y; it reveals that the banking system still fails in different area of banking businesses which means that the author did not really research well on the principle of how risk management has being successful in the banking and financial institutions. There are many banks that have failed since 2007-2011 which will be discussed better along the line. For over 10 years since the existence of new tools of risk management, there are still some extraordinary failures of risk management in its broadest definition. From recent research, risk management has not really helped many organizations to prevent market disruption especially among the banking sectors and financial institutions or has not helped in the prevention of any businesses also that will result in the breakdown of the business. The problem is seen as the biggest one in the bank and financial institutions talk less of the small business organization around. The above process on the objectives of risk management needs to be explained in details on how it might be used to manage risk in the banking and financial intuitions and many more organizations around the world. Risk assessments: is the overall process of risk analysis and evaluation, the (business dictionary.com 2011) defined risk assessments as the component of risk analysis which involve the identification, evaluation and estimation of the levels of risks involved in a situation, comparison against benchmarks or standards and determination of an acceptance level of risk. Risk identification: this is to identify the exposure an organization as been exposed to, this require a basic understanding of the business the organization is operating which leads to the political and cultural environment, social and legal aspect of the existence. The identification of risk in the banking and financial institutions include the development and understanding of the operational objectives and strategic for the success of the opportunities and threats achi evement. Risk identification should be done in a good methodological way to approach all necessary activities around the banking sectors in other to identify all the types of risks they are exposed to. Risk reporting and communicator: the different department in the banking sectors need good information on any new development on risk management process. From the point of view, this information should go across from the board of directors to the lowest employee in the banking operation. The board of directors should know most of the things within the organization such as the significant risk facing the organization, the possible effects on shareholder on the performance ranges, level of awareness throughout the organization in respect to training and employment of new skilled staffs in the process of risk management, ensuring the risk management process is working effectively, able to report any risks or failure that need control immediately. Also the employee as an individual in the banking sectors should understand the improvement of risk management response, to understand the culture of risk management and awareness in the organization and to report any new form of risk involved in the process. Risk treatment: this is a process in selecting and implementing the measure of risk modified. Risk treatment includes the major aspect; risk mitigation and control, risk transfer, risk avoidance and risk financing. Monitoring and review of the risk management process: this is an important aspect by ensuring that all risk in an organization is clearly identified and proper assessment. The monitoring process includes if the procedure are put in place and whether the information gathered for the process were appropriate, and to identified if the decision is okay and if lessoned will be learnt for future assessment and risks. From the above explanation on how risk management can be effective in the banking industry, if all organization can follow all this proc esses above and proper implementation is done with the help of risk management policy, (the risk management policy will be discussed in chapter 4) there would be no crisis in every organization again. 2.5 Evidence of risk management practices and theory (analysis) Previous years back, there was a survey of about 2000 companies in Wharton on risk management practice and derivatives use, but not many respondent responded due to the fact that they were all shock that the study can be conducted at that particular time. From the study conducted, most respondent assumed that derivatives are tools for risk management process, while few of them assumed that the use of derivatives is to increase the risk rather than reducing it. The article explain further that there are several other tools that can be used for managing risk, thou its an old fashion but very good and wisely to use, this include the physical storage of goods (inventory holding), business diversification and cash buffers. In every organization, it is not every one that chooses to manage risk and managing a risk and implanting process is different from one company to another. There are some companies that uses another forms of tools for managing risk which are the cash flow volatilit y, variation in the value of the firm as risk management is an object of interest. Researchers also found out that more of the large companies manage risk well than the smaller firms due to the fact that they lack proper skilled staffs on risk management process, lack of proper investigation on the types of risk they are exposed to. (Peter F. 2003). Discussion: can risk management improve firm performance? The answer is yes, from the above analysis, risk management practice is a process where industry found helpful because share prices were less sensitive after the practice of risk management. The study also review that after the initiation of risk management practice there was a reduction from an exposure of risk to interest rate and exchanging rate movements. Different authors also found out that many firms using any form of risk management will perform well in the area of business and will increase the corporate performance than any organization that is not practising the use of risk management processes. The evidence on risk management practice so far is that all commercial banks will have minimum risk factors if they pay more attention on how to manage risk in the company and have skilled staff with experience on risk management and risk management policy and procedure should be implanted in the organization also so as to avoid the risk in the future. 2.5.1 An organization affected by risk; (case study) In every business around the world, all kinds of organization face risk even when their future is normal or assumed such as government bodies they can still face by allegation of funds. In most cases, small companies are most often affected with risk while the multinational businesses have more complex of risk to deal with. There was a study from the FERMA of European risk management association (2010); more than 200 companies were studied on the danger of uncontrolled risk which could lead to less production, commercials and operational risk. The dangers of uncontrolled risk studied in each company are written below: TYPES OF RISK INITIAL EFFECT FINANCIAL LOSSES Quality problems Recalling of goods and customer disoriented about the product Financial looses Health and safety injury Claims and bad publicity, staff compensation and not meeting customers and workers demands People suffering and financial looses Environmental pollution Giving fines, court action (allegation), and bad publicity Financial looses Marketing risk Drop in revenue target for the each months Looses from each department and financial economy Fire and political risks Loss of human being and production, harm to people around, profit not prevented from international government Damage, financial losses and fighting different companies Computer failure and security Inability to process orders, and to give invoices , stealing of money and assets Financial damage and financial losses Source: complete guide to business risk (kit S. 2006) From the above case study on some danger involves in uncontrolled risk, the researche r discusses further why these issues cannot be controlled in an organization especially the financial institution and banking sectors. Reading carefully and analyzing the whole report, this risk involve in this report need good planning and a tool to reduce the risk, controlling a risk lies on everyone in the organization from the management to the executive and employees to know how risk can be manage in an organization. The use of risk management as a tool in an organization should be the main aspect where the banking sectors should operate on with the hope of reducing the risk and implementing risk management around the working environment. The danger of these uncontrolled risks will lead to different loss of money, assets, plans and customers. There lots of benefits on the implementation of risk management in an organizations, risk management has helped different institutions and businesses to avoid risk such as the cost risk, disruption and complaining about risk damages eac h day and also helped in recollecting records of what has been lost. The benefit of risk management in an organization is not easy to estimate, but its useful in different factors as the regulation and scandals which include reporting require requirements and stock exchanges. The introduction of risk management to managers and employee in an organization is to help in bringing out a better result on how risk can be controlled and avoided in the area of businesses in each departmental level. Introducing this method of risk management to the worker and everyone in a private or public organization and businesses around, will make each person to be aware of dangerous risk available in the working places and by finding means of avoiding it to happen or to destroy their plans as a company. (Kit S.2006) suggested some advantages of managing risk in the banking sectors and any other organization which are: 1. Avoid people dying in the process of risk, and loss of production in the bus iness environment should be avoided. 2. Maintain and balance records on market share. 3. Avoid payment to criminals, and safeguard both the managers and staff working with company money. 4. Loss of building, files records and important document should be avoided while dealing with elimination of risk in the organization. 5. Rules and regulation should be set aside for everyone in the organization to read, know and implement it in each desk. 6. Training programme should be held at appropriate time for worker and new workers joining the company on risk management process and how it works in each department. 2.6 Analysis of different banks that has failed due to risk mismanagement